If the state commits unfriendly actions against the Russian Federation, this is an independent basis for refusing to grant a parent the right of access to the child.
Since the end of August 2021, the marital relationship between the spouses has effectively terminated due to the fact that the mother, having abducted the children, left her permanent residence in the Republic of Bulgaria, where the couple had resided since 2012, and secretly took the children to Russia.
The position of the court of concentrated jurisdiction:
1. The Republic of Bulgaria, a Member State of the European Union, was designated by Russian Government Decree No. 430-r of March 5, 2022, as a foreign state committing unfriendly acts against the Russian Federation, Russian legal entities, and individuals, therefore, the residence and presence of Russian citizens who are minors in the Republic of Bulgaria does not create sufficient guarantees for the stability of their lives and may pose a risk of physical and psychological harm and place them in intolerable conditions.
2. This ground, in accordance with Article 13 of the Convention, constitutes an independent basis for refusing access. This circumstance was previously noted in the ruling of the First Cassation Court of General Jurisdiction dated July 26, 2023.
Appellate ruling of the Nizhny Novgorod Regional Court No. 33-15347/2024 dated November 19, 2024, and The Ruling of the First Cassation Court of General Jurisdiction No. 8G-4173/2025 dated April 9, 2025, dismissed the applicant's cassation appeal.
The position of the court of concentrated jurisdiction:
1. The Republic of Bulgaria, a Member State of the European Union, was designated by Russian Government Decree No. 430-r of March 5, 2022, as a foreign state committing unfriendly acts against the Russian Federation, Russian legal entities, and individuals, therefore, the residence and presence of Russian citizens who are minors in the Republic of Bulgaria does not create sufficient guarantees for the stability of their lives and may pose a risk of physical and psychological harm and place them in intolerable conditions.
2. This ground, in accordance with Article 13 of the Convention, constitutes an independent basis for refusing access. This circumstance was previously noted in the ruling of the First Cassation Court of General Jurisdiction dated July 26, 2023.
Appellate ruling of the Nizhny Novgorod Regional Court No. 33-15347/2024 dated November 19, 2024, and The Ruling of the First Cassation Court of General Jurisdiction No. 8G-4173/2025 dated April 9, 2025, dismissed the applicant's cassation appeal.